Difference between revisions of "Module:TableTools"

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imported>Mr. Stradivarius
(add isNan function, shallowClone function and removeDuplicates function, fix up valueIntersection function to work properly for NaNs)
m (1 revision imported)
 
(17 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 17: Line 17:
 
local infinity = math.huge
 
local infinity = math.huge
 
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
 
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
 
+
local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti
-- Define a unique value to represent NaN. This is because NaN cannot be used as a table key.
 
local nan = {}
 
  
 
--[[
 
--[[
Line 32: Line 30:
 
--]]
 
--]]
 
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
 
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
if type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity then
+
return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity
return true
 
else
 
return false
 
end
 
 
end
 
end
  
Line 50: Line 44:
 
--]]
 
--]]
 
function p.isNan(v)
 
function p.isNan(v)
if type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan' then
+
return type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan'
return true
 
else
 
return false
 
end
 
 
end
 
end
  
Line 84: Line 74:
 
--]]
 
--]]
 
function p.removeDuplicates(t)
 
function p.removeDuplicates(t)
 +
checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, t, 'table')
 
local isNan = p.isNan
 
local isNan = p.isNan
 
local ret, exists = {}, {}
 
local ret, exists = {}, {}
Line 98: Line 89:
 
end
 
end
 
return ret
 
return ret
end
+
end
 
 
--[[
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- union
 
--
 
-- This returns the union of the key/value pairs of n tables. If any of the tables
 
-- contain different values for the same table key, the table value is converted
 
-- to an array holding all of the different values.
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
function p.union(...)
 
local lim = select('#', ...)
 
if lim == 0 then
 
error("no arguments passed to 'union'", 2)
 
end
 
local ret, trackArrays = {}, {}
 
for i = 1, lim do
 
local t = select(i, ...)
 
checkType('union', i, t, 'table')
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
local retKey = ret[k]
 
if retKey == nil then
 
ret[k] = v
 
elseif retKey ~= v then
 
if trackArrays[k] then
 
local array = ret[k]
 
local valExists
 
for _, arrayVal in ipairs(array) do
 
if arrayVal == v then
 
valExists = true
 
break
 
end
 
end
 
if not valExists then
 
array[#array + 1] = v
 
ret[k] = array
 
end
 
else
 
ret[k] = {ret[k], v}
 
trackArrays[k] = true
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
return ret
 
end
 
 
 
--[[
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- valueUnion
 
--
 
-- This returns the union of the values of n tables, as an array. For example, for
 
-- the tables {1, 3, 4, 5, foo = 7} and {2, bar = 3, 5, 6}, union will return
 
-- {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
function p.valueUnion(...)
 
local lim = select('#', ...)
 
if lim == 0 then
 
error("no arguments passed to 'valueUnion'", 2)
 
end
 
local vals, ret = {}, {}
 
for i = 1, lim do
 
local t = select(i, ...)
 
checkType('valueUnion', i, t, 'table')
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
if type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan' then
 
v = nan -- NaN cannot be a table key, so use a proxy variable.
 
end
 
vals[v] = true
 
end
 
end
 
for val in pairs(vals) do
 
if val == nan then
 
-- This ensures that we output a NaN when we had one as input, although
 
-- they may have been generated in a completely different way.
 
val = 0/0
 
end
 
ret[#ret + 1] = val
 
end
 
return ret
 
end
 
 
 
--[[
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- intersection
 
--
 
-- This returns the intersection of the key/value pairs of n tables. Both the key
 
-- and the value must match to be included in the resulting table.
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
function p.intersection(...)
 
local lim = select('#', ...)
 
if lim == 0 then
 
error("no arguments passed to 'intersection'", 2)
 
end
 
local ret, track, pairCounts = {}, {}, {}
 
for i = 1, lim do
 
local t = select(i, ...)
 
checkType('intersection', i, t, 'table')
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
local trackVal = track[k]
 
if trackVal == nil then
 
track[k] = v
 
pairCounts[k] = 1
 
elseif trackVal == v then
 
pairCounts[k] = pairCounts[k] + 1
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
for k, v in pairs(track) do
 
if pairCounts[k] == lim then
 
ret[k] = v
 
end
 
end
 
return ret
 
end
 
 
 
--[[
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- valueIntersection
 
--
 
-- This returns the intersection of the values of n tables, as an array. For
 
-- example, for the tables {1, 3, 4, 5, foo = 7} and {2, bar = 3, 5, 6},
 
-- intersection will return {3, 5}.
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
function p.valueIntersection(...)
 
local lim = select('#', ...)
 
if lim < 2 then
 
error(lim .. ' argument' .. (lim == 1 and '' or 's') .. " passed to 'intersection' (minimum is 2)", 2)
 
end
 
local isNan = p.isNan
 
local vals, ret = {}, {}
 
local isSameTable = true -- Tracks table equality.
 
local tableTemp -- Used to store the table from the previous loop so that we can check table equality.
 
for i = 1, lim do
 
local t = select(i, ...)
 
checkType('valueIntersection', i, t, 'table')
 
if tableTemp and t ~= tableTemp then
 
isSameTable = false
 
end
 
tableTemp = t
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
-- NaNs are never equal to any other value, so they can't be in the intersection.
 
-- Which is lucky, as they also can't be table keys.
 
if not isNan(v) then
 
local valCount = vals[v] or 0
 
vals[v] = valCount + 1
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
if isSameTable then
 
-- If all the tables are equal, then the intersection is that table (including NaNs).
 
-- All we need to do is convert it to an array and remove duplicate values.
 
for k, v in pairs(tableTemp) do
 
ret[#ret + 1] = v
 
end
 
return p.removeDuplicates(ret)
 
end
 
for val, count in pairs(vals) do
 
if count == lim then
 
ret[#ret + 1] = val
 
end
 
end
 
return ret
 
end
 
 
 
--[[
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- complement
 
--
 
-- This returns the relative complement of t1, t2, ..., in tn. The complement
 
-- is of key/value pairs. This is equivalent to all the key/value pairs that are in
 
-- tn but are not in t1, t2, ... tn-1.
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
function p.complement(...)
 
local lim = select('#', ...)
 
if lim == 0 then
 
error("no arguments passed to 'complement' (minimum is two)", 2)
 
elseif lim == 1 then
 
error("only one argument passed to 'complement' (minimum is two)", 2)
 
end
 
--[[
 
-- Now we know that we have at least two sets.
 
-- First, get all the key/value pairs in tn. We can't simply make ret equal to tn,
 
-- as that will affect the value of tn for the whole module.
 
--]]
 
local tn = select(lim, ...)
 
checkType('complement', lim, tn, 'table')
 
local ret = {}
 
for k, v in pairs(tn) do
 
ret[k] = v
 
end
 
-- Remove all the key/value pairs in t1, t2, ..., tn-1.
 
for i = 1, lim - 1 do
 
local t = select(i, ...)
 
checkType('complement', i, t, 'table')
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
if ret[k] == v then
 
ret[k] = nil
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
return ret
 
end
 
  
 
--[[
 
--[[
Line 342: Line 126:
 
checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
 
checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
 
checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)
 
checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)
 +
 +
local function cleanPattern(s)
 +
-- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally.
 +
s = s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1')
 +
return s
 +
end
 +
 
prefix = prefix or ''
 
prefix = prefix or ''
 
suffix = suffix or ''
 
suffix = suffix or ''
 +
prefix = cleanPattern(prefix)
 +
suffix = cleanPattern(suffix)
 
local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'
 
local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'
 +
 
local nums = {}
 
local nums = {}
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 
for k, v in pairs(t) do
Line 356: Line 150:
 
table.sort(nums)
 
table.sort(nums)
 
return nums
 
return nums
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-- numData
 +
--
 +
-- Given a table with keys like ("foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"), returns a table
 +
-- of subtables in the format
 +
-- { [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }
 +
-- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other".
 +
-- The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with
 +
-- ipairs.
 +
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
--]]
 +
function p.numData(t, compress)
 +
checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table')
 +
checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true)
 +
local ret = {}
 +
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 +
local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$')
 +
if num then
 +
num = tonumber(num)
 +
local subtable = ret[num] or {}
 +
if prefix == '' then
 +
-- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead.
 +
prefix = 1
 +
end
 +
subtable[prefix] = v
 +
ret[num] = subtable
 +
else
 +
local subtable = ret.other or {}
 +
subtable[k] = v
 +
ret.other = subtable
 +
end
 +
end
 +
if compress then
 +
local other = ret.other
 +
ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret)
 +
ret.other = other
 +
end
 +
return ret
 
end
 
end
  
Line 395: Line 230:
 
local key = nums[i]
 
local key = nums[i]
 
return key, t[key]
 
return key, t[key]
 +
else
 +
return nil, nil
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
end
Line 407: Line 244:
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
--]]
 
--]]
 +
 
function p.size(t)
 
function p.size(t)
 
checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
 
checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
Line 414: Line 252:
 
end
 
end
 
return i
 
return i
 +
end
 +
 +
 +
local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2)
 +
-- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings.
 +
local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2)
 +
if type1 ~= type2 then
 +
return type1 < type2
 +
else -- This will fail with table, boolean, function.
 +
return item1 < item2
 +
end
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default
 +
comparison function or a custom keySort function.
 +
]]
 +
function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked)
 +
if not checked then
 +
checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table')
 +
checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, { 'function', 'boolean', 'nil' })
 +
end
 +
 +
local list = {}
 +
local index = 1
 +
for key, value in pairs(t) do
 +
list[index] = key
 +
index = index + 1
 +
end
 +
 +
if keySort ~= false then
 +
keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort
 +
 +
table.sort(list, keySort)
 +
end
 +
 +
return list
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function.
 +
If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
 +
]]
 +
function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort)
 +
checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table')
 +
checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true)
 +
 +
local list = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true)
 +
 +
local i = 0
 +
return function()
 +
i = i + 1
 +
local key = list[i]
 +
if key ~= nil then
 +
return key, t[key]
 +
else
 +
return nil, nil
 +
end
 +
end
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
Returns true if all keys in the table are consecutive integers starting at 1.
 +
--]]
 +
function p.isArray(t)
 +
checkType("isArray", 1, t, "table")
 +
 +
local i = 0
 +
for k, v in pairs(t) do
 +
i = i + 1
 +
if t[i] == nil then
 +
return false
 +
end
 +
end
 +
return true
 +
end
 +
 +
-- { "a", "b", "c" } -> { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }
 +
function p.invert(array)
 +
checkType("invert", 1, array, "table")
 +
 +
local map = {}
 +
for i, v in ipairs(array) do
 +
map[v] = i
 +
end
 +
 +
return map
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
{ "a", "b", "c" } -> { ["a"] = true, ["b"] = true, ["c"] = true }
 +
--]]
 +
function p.listToSet(t)
 +
checkType("listToSet", 1, t, "table")
 +
 +
local set = {}
 +
for _, item in ipairs(t) do
 +
set[item] = true
 +
end
 +
 +
return set
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
Recursive deep copy function.
 +
Preserves identities of subtables.
 +
 +
]]
 +
local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen)
 +
-- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table.
 +
already_seen = already_seen or {}
 +
 +
local copy = already_seen[orig]
 +
if copy ~= nil then
 +
return copy
 +
end
 +
 +
if type(orig) == 'table' then
 +
copy = {}
 +
for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do
 +
copy[deepcopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = deepcopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen)
 +
end
 +
already_seen[orig] = copy
 +
 +
if includeMetatable then
 +
local mt = getmetatable(orig)
 +
if mt ~= nil then
 +
local mt_copy = deepcopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen)
 +
setmetatable(copy, mt_copy)
 +
already_seen[mt] = mt_copy
 +
end
 +
end
 +
else -- number, string, boolean, etc
 +
copy = orig
 +
end
 +
return copy
 +
end
 +
 +
function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen)
 +
checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true)
 +
 +
return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen)
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order.
 +
sparseConcat{ a, nil, c, d }  =>  "acd"
 +
sparseConcat{ nil, b, c, d }  =>  "bcd"
 +
]]
 +
function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j)
 +
local list = {}
 +
 +
local list_i = 0
 +
for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do
 +
list_i = list_i + 1
 +
list[list_i] = v
 +
end
 +
 +
return table.concat(list, sep, i, j)
 +
end
 +
 +
--[[
 +
-- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such
 +
-- as "data1", "data2", etc., using an exponental search algorithm.
 +
-- It is similar to the operator #, but may return
 +
-- a different value when there are gaps in the array portion of the table.
 +
-- Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For other tables, use #.
 +
-- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of
 +
-- the number of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for
 +
-- frame.args.
 +
--]]
 +
 +
function p.length(t, prefix)
 +
-- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponental search]]
 +
-- which is only needed by this one function
 +
-- doesn't get millions of transclusions
 +
local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search")
 +
checkType('length', 1, t, 'table')
 +
checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
 +
return expSearch(function(i)
 +
local key
 +
if prefix then
 +
key = prefix .. tostring(i)
 +
else
 +
key = i
 +
end
 +
return t[key] ~= nil
 +
end) or 0
 +
end
 +
function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind)
 +
checkType("inArray", 1, arr, "table")
 +
 +
-- if valueToFind is nil, error?
 +
 +
for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
 +
if v == valueToFind then
 +
return true
 +
end
 +
end
 +
 +
return false
 
end
 
end
  
 
return p
 
return p

Latest revision as of 14:34, 9 March 2020

Documentation for this module may be created at Module:TableTools/doc

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               TableTools                                       --
--                                                                                --
-- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables.        --
-- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should     --
-- not be called directly from #invoke.                                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')

local p = {}

-- Define often-used variables and functions.
local floor = math.floor
local infinity = math.huge
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isPositiveInteger
--
-- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the
-- hash part of a table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
	return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isNan
--
-- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will
-- generate an error if a NaN is used as a table key.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isNan(v)
	return type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan'
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- shallowClone
--
-- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all
-- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned
-- table will have no metatable of its own.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.shallowClone(t)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		ret[k] = v
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- removeDuplicates
--
-- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are
-- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are
-- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.removeDuplicates(t)
	checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, t, 'table')
	local isNan = p.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for i, v in ipairs(t) do
		if isNan(v) then
			-- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence.
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		else
			if not exists[v] then
				ret[#ret + 1] = v
				exists[v] = true
			end
		end	
	end
	return ret
end			

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numKeys
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical
-- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numKeys(t)
	checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table')
	local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger
	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if isPositiveInteger(k) then
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- affixNums
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the
-- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table
-- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will
-- return {1, 3, 6}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix)
	checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
	checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)

	local function cleanPattern(s)
		-- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally.
		s = s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1')
		return s
	end

	prefix = prefix or ''
	suffix = suffix or ''
	prefix = cleanPattern(prefix)
	suffix = cleanPattern(suffix)
	local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'

	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if type(k) == 'string' then			
			local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern)
			if num then
				nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num)
			end
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numData
--
-- Given a table with keys like ("foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"), returns a table
-- of subtables in the format 
-- { [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }
-- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other".
-- The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numData(t, compress)
	checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$')
		if num then
			num = tonumber(num)
			local subtable = ret[num] or {}
			if prefix == '' then
				-- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead.
				prefix = 1
			end
			subtable[prefix] = v
			ret[num] = subtable
		else
			local subtable = ret.other or {}
			subtable[k] = v
			ret.other = subtable
		end
	end
	if compress then
		local other = ret.other
		ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret)
		ret.other = other
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- compressSparseArray
--
-- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values
-- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.compressSparseArray(t)
	checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table')
	local ret = {}
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	for _, num in ipairs(nums) do
		ret[#ret + 1] = t[num]
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sparseIpairs
--
-- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can
-- handle nil values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.sparseIpairs(t)
	checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table')
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	local i = 0
	local lim = #nums
	return function ()
		i = i + 1
		if i <= lim then
			local key = nums[i]
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- size
--
-- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays,
-- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

function p.size(t)
	checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
	local i = 0
	for k in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
	end
	return i
end


local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2)
	-- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings.
	local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2)
	if type1 ~= type2 then
		return type1 < type2
	else -- This will fail with table, boolean, function.
		return item1 < item2
	end
end

--[[
	Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default
	comparison function or a custom keySort function.
]]
function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked)
	if not checked then
		checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table')
		checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, { 'function', 'boolean', 'nil' })
	end
	
	local list = {}
	local index = 1
	for key, value in pairs(t) do
		list[index] = key
		index = index + 1
	end
	
	if keySort ~= false then
		keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort
		
		table.sort(list, keySort)
	end
	
	return list
end

--[[
	Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function.
	If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
]]
function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort)
	checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true)
	
	local list = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true)
	
	local i = 0
	return function()
		i = i + 1
		local key = list[i]
		if key ~= nil then
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
	Returns true if all keys in the table are consecutive integers starting at 1.
--]]
function p.isArray(t)
	checkType("isArray", 1, t, "table")
	
	local i = 0
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
		if t[i] == nil then
			return false
		end
	end
	return true
end

-- { "a", "b", "c" } -> { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }
function p.invert(array)
	checkType("invert", 1, array, "table")
	
	local map = {}
	for i, v in ipairs(array) do
		map[v] = i
	end
	
	return map
end

--[[
	{ "a", "b", "c" } -> { ["a"] = true, ["b"] = true, ["c"] = true }
--]]
function p.listToSet(t)
	checkType("listToSet", 1, t, "table")
	
	local set = {}
	for _, item in ipairs(t) do
		set[item] = true
	end
	
	return set
end

--[[
	Recursive deep copy function.
	Preserves identities of subtables.
	
]]
local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen)
	-- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table.
	already_seen = already_seen or {}
	
	local copy = already_seen[orig]
	if copy ~= nil then
		return copy
	end
	
	if type(orig) == 'table' then
		copy = {}
		for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do
			copy[deepcopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = deepcopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen)
		end
		already_seen[orig] = copy
		
		if includeMetatable then
			local mt = getmetatable(orig)
			if mt ~= nil then
				local mt_copy = deepcopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen)
				setmetatable(copy, mt_copy)
				already_seen[mt] = mt_copy
			end
		end
	else -- number, string, boolean, etc
		copy = orig
	end
	return copy
end

function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen)
	checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true)
	
	return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen)
end

--[[
	Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order.
	sparseConcat{ a, nil, c, d }  =>  "acd"
	sparseConcat{ nil, b, c, d }  =>  "bcd"
]]
function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j)
	local list = {}
	
	local list_i = 0
	for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do
		list_i = list_i + 1
		list[list_i] = v
	end
	
	return table.concat(list, sep, i, j)
end

--[[
-- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such
-- as "data1", "data2", etc., using an exponental search algorithm. 
-- It is similar to the operator #, but may return
-- a different value when there are gaps in the array portion of the table.
-- Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For other tables, use #.
-- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of 
-- the number of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for
-- frame.args.
--]]

function p.length(t, prefix)
	-- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponental search]]
	-- which is only needed by this one function
	-- doesn't get millions of transclusions
	local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search")
	checkType('length', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
	return expSearch(function(i)
		local key
		if prefix then
			key = prefix .. tostring(i)
		else
			key = i
		end
		return t[key] ~= nil
	end) or 0
end
function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind)
	checkType("inArray", 1, arr, "table")
	
	-- if valueToFind is nil, error?
	
	for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
		if v == valueToFind then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	return false
end

return p